Sunday, October 6, 2013
How the economic machine works
One of the best videos from widely respected hedge fund manager Ray Dalio, on how the economy machine functions; how boom and bust cycle occur; what leads to recessions, deflations and expansions in the modern economy.
Weekly Market Commentary - Sept 30 - Oct 4, 2013
Indian markets gained this week primarily due to US shutdown, which inadvertently threw FIIs dollars in its direction. Nothing much has changed in Indian fundamentals though: CAD is still high; cost of funds has not gone down; consumer and business sentiment as reflected by weak PMI data. Even then, market is trading near its highs; is expensive and is very volatile. Though I continue to seek out the reasons to explain these anomalies, and I focus on most important ones, the economy and markets have too many moving parts. Every now and then, in order to explain the movements, I give in to recency effect and attentional bias.
Recency effect is nothing but one’s inclination to explain the process/event occurred, by whatever fresh news/story/event comes to mind. For e.g. markets went up as new RBI governor sworn in.
Attentional bias, on the other hand, is using your current subject under study: one you are most closely paying attention to, to explain every event occurring. For e.g. US shutdown is leading to global market rally as dollar investors have nowhere to go.
However, both examples used above may explain the market movements or state of the economy to some extent but the point is they are not the only ones.
Sensex gained 1.0%, Nifty gained 1.3% and CNX Midcap was up by 1.5% this week.
Monday – Sensex down by 1.8%, Nifty down by 1.7%, Midcap down by 0.8%
Indian markets were under pressure ahead of current account data release expected later in the day. An ET poll is estimating CAD to average $23 billion for Apr-Jun quarter vs. $18.1 billion a quarter earlier. Investors are worried that bad CAD data may force RBI to intervene in the market again and may escalate the cost of doing business in the near term.
Tuesday - Sensex up by 0.7%, Nifty up by 0.8%, Midcap up by 0.6%
Markets went up as RBI promised to infuse liquidity into the system via Rs. 10,000 crores purchase of government securities. Also, CAD figures released previous day came out to be little lower than what market participants were expecting. Gold and oil imports pushed 1Q14 CAD to $21.8 billion i.e. 4.9% of GDP. Indian govt plans to reduce the current account deficit to 3.7% of the GDP in FY14 to meet its $70 billion target.
Wednesday – Markets closed on occasion of Gandhi Jayanti
Thursday – Sensex up by 2.0%, Nifty up by 2.2%, Midcap up by 1.6%
Indian markets rose, as they became the target of FIIs dollars as current political crisis in United States has led to a shutdown of non-essential govt functionaries. Investors are worried that shutdown may prolong and will jeopardize any recovery of US economy.
Friday – Sensex up by 0.1%, Nifty flat, Midcap up by 0.2%
Markets ended flat as US dollars continued to flow in leading to increase in the value of Indian currency. The gain was capped as investors were disappointed by weak HSBC PMI data, which fell to 46.1 vs. 47.6 in August indicating contraction in private economy. Realty, auto and consumers gained as govt. decided to infuse funds into PSU banks to help them offer cheaper loans to public and industry.
Recency effect is nothing but one’s inclination to explain the process/event occurred, by whatever fresh news/story/event comes to mind. For e.g. markets went up as new RBI governor sworn in.
Attentional bias, on the other hand, is using your current subject under study: one you are most closely paying attention to, to explain every event occurring. For e.g. US shutdown is leading to global market rally as dollar investors have nowhere to go.
However, both examples used above may explain the market movements or state of the economy to some extent but the point is they are not the only ones.
Sensex gained 1.0%, Nifty gained 1.3% and CNX Midcap was up by 1.5% this week.
Monday – Sensex down by 1.8%, Nifty down by 1.7%, Midcap down by 0.8%
Indian markets were under pressure ahead of current account data release expected later in the day. An ET poll is estimating CAD to average $23 billion for Apr-Jun quarter vs. $18.1 billion a quarter earlier. Investors are worried that bad CAD data may force RBI to intervene in the market again and may escalate the cost of doing business in the near term.
Tuesday - Sensex up by 0.7%, Nifty up by 0.8%, Midcap up by 0.6%
Markets went up as RBI promised to infuse liquidity into the system via Rs. 10,000 crores purchase of government securities. Also, CAD figures released previous day came out to be little lower than what market participants were expecting. Gold and oil imports pushed 1Q14 CAD to $21.8 billion i.e. 4.9% of GDP. Indian govt plans to reduce the current account deficit to 3.7% of the GDP in FY14 to meet its $70 billion target.
Wednesday – Markets closed on occasion of Gandhi Jayanti
Thursday – Sensex up by 2.0%, Nifty up by 2.2%, Midcap up by 1.6%
Indian markets rose, as they became the target of FIIs dollars as current political crisis in United States has led to a shutdown of non-essential govt functionaries. Investors are worried that shutdown may prolong and will jeopardize any recovery of US economy.
Friday – Sensex up by 0.1%, Nifty flat, Midcap up by 0.2%
Markets ended flat as US dollars continued to flow in leading to increase in the value of Indian currency. The gain was capped as investors were disappointed by weak HSBC PMI data, which fell to 46.1 vs. 47.6 in August indicating contraction in private economy. Realty, auto and consumers gained as govt. decided to infuse funds into PSU banks to help them offer cheaper loans to public and industry.
Monday, September 30, 2013
Lies, Damned lies and Statistics
Statistics is the science of producing
unreliable facts from reliable figures. - Evan Esar
Admission: I absolutely respect our
RBI governor Raghuram Rajan.
Confession: I am not a statistician,
but I have attended a course on Econometrics during my MBA. And, from what
little I have learned there, I can tell you that you can torture your data to
the point it say what you want it to say.
The recent report on composite state development index
that was prepared under the chairmanship of Mr. Raghuram Rajan was, for the
lack of better word, a half ass job. It is complete noise. It hurts when someone you admire produces a work like this.
I didn’t really understand what possible objective it served, though I am assured it is not a political one, although there was a brief twitter war on the issue of Gujarat being called a less developed state. You can read the full report here.
I didn’t really understand what possible objective it served, though I am assured it is not a political one, although there was a brief twitter war on the issue of Gujarat being called a less developed state. You can read the full report here.
During my MBA classes, our professor always
warned us about the situations when statistical exercise will throw out some
outcome that might look nonsensical. You should in that case, take hard look at
the variables used. You should check for double counting of data, high
correlation fallacy and simply using wrong variables. Well, seems all three
errors happened in this report.
Many experts in the field have already reviewed
it well, some of them do not agree with it including the sole dissenting voice
in the panel, Dr. Shaibal Gupta. You can read some of the reviews and criticism here,
here,
here
and here.
Key criticism of the report are highlighted below:
· Why to include SC/ST share in population when it
is an independent variable and all other variables are dependent variables
(outcome variables). Independent variable in this case means it is beyond the
realm of any state government to control the number of SC/ST population in
their state. So, why to assign points to state based on this variable.
· Why connectivity index, SC/ST population, female
literacy, education all get the same weightage, when we know one is more
important than the other.
· In the real world, can Gujarat be ranked as same
as Mizoram and fare worse than Tripura? Maybe I am blind to the development
happening in our Northeastern states, but I don’t know anyone wanting to go
there to work and live.
· Why did not use per capita income instead of
monthly consumption when per capita income also factors in the employment
opportunities available in the state. Migrants sending money to home state
could simply drive consumption and may not truly reflect the needs of the
residents.
· How reliable is the source of monthly consumption
data when the national surveys used to collect this data have credibility issues.
PS: There is no data available, atleast in the report, wherein you can compare how each state fared on different variables used in index construction.
PS: There is no data available, atleast in the report, wherein you can compare how each state fared on different variables used in index construction.
Sunday, September 29, 2013
Weekly Market Commentary - Sept 23 - Sept 27, 2013
Overall, trades seeking to play the Fed-RBI announcement continued to unwind this week and took markets down with them. As second quarter results are upon us and street is not too excited with business environment and expects the results to be boring, indices are failing to find new catalyst to hold their ground. Sensex lost 2.6%, Nifty lost 3.0% and CNX Midcap was down by 0.5% this week.
Monday – Sensex down by 1.8%, Nifty down by 2.0%, Midcap down by 1.0%
Markets crumbled as investors’ sky-high expectations from the newly appointed RBI governor meets the realities on the ground. As Raghuram Rajan went on making inflation fighting his topmost priority and tightened liquidity, rate sensitives stocks such as banks took a heavy beating.
Tuesday - Sensex up by 0.1%, Nifty up by 0.0%, Midcap up by 0.2%
Banks continued to see heavy selling as Moody cut the SBI’s local currency and senior unsecured debt rating to lowest investment grade to Baa3 while changing the financial strength outlook to negative. Moody blamed the current weak financial position of bank’s promoter, Indian government as the reason for decline in asset quality, profitability and capital of public sector banks such as SBI.
Wednesday - Sensex down by 0.3%, Nifty down by 0.3%, Midcap up by 0.4%
Investors continue to square off the trades set up in the wake of Fed-RBI meetings previous week, ahead of derivative expiry on Thursday. Financial Technologies stock plunged as its auditor Deloitte Haskins bailed out on the firm and withdrew their audit report after claiming that firm’s financial statements are not reliable.
Thursday – Sensex up by 0.2%, Nifty up by 0.1%, Midcap down by 0.1%
Markets continued to stay volatile as investors unwind their positions on F&O expiry day but ended up little higher as RBI tried to give the market a reprieve by announcing a possibility of conducting OMO to ensure sufficient liquidity in the system.
Friday – Sensex down by 0.8%, Nifty down by 0.8%, Midcap flat
October F&O series started on a mute note with markets now turning to corporate earnings announcements expected in October to be low to modest, at best. Banks stayed under pressure as Raghuram went on questioning the strategy of central bankers around the world to keep the interest rates low to stimulate growth.
Monday – Sensex down by 1.8%, Nifty down by 2.0%, Midcap down by 1.0%
Markets crumbled as investors’ sky-high expectations from the newly appointed RBI governor meets the realities on the ground. As Raghuram Rajan went on making inflation fighting his topmost priority and tightened liquidity, rate sensitives stocks such as banks took a heavy beating.
Tuesday - Sensex up by 0.1%, Nifty up by 0.0%, Midcap up by 0.2%
Banks continued to see heavy selling as Moody cut the SBI’s local currency and senior unsecured debt rating to lowest investment grade to Baa3 while changing the financial strength outlook to negative. Moody blamed the current weak financial position of bank’s promoter, Indian government as the reason for decline in asset quality, profitability and capital of public sector banks such as SBI.
Wednesday - Sensex down by 0.3%, Nifty down by 0.3%, Midcap up by 0.4%
Investors continue to square off the trades set up in the wake of Fed-RBI meetings previous week, ahead of derivative expiry on Thursday. Financial Technologies stock plunged as its auditor Deloitte Haskins bailed out on the firm and withdrew their audit report after claiming that firm’s financial statements are not reliable.
Thursday – Sensex up by 0.2%, Nifty up by 0.1%, Midcap down by 0.1%
Markets continued to stay volatile as investors unwind their positions on F&O expiry day but ended up little higher as RBI tried to give the market a reprieve by announcing a possibility of conducting OMO to ensure sufficient liquidity in the system.
Friday – Sensex down by 0.8%, Nifty down by 0.8%, Midcap flat
October F&O series started on a mute note with markets now turning to corporate earnings announcements expected in October to be low to modest, at best. Banks stayed under pressure as Raghuram went on questioning the strategy of central bankers around the world to keep the interest rates low to stimulate growth.
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